CE MARKING -OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS: WITH RISK ASSESSMENT (EMC series)

This book gives a step-by-step approach to CE marking of electrical and electronic equipment including risk assessment. It covers, in detail, five important directives viz. low voltage directive (LVD), electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) directive, medical devices directive (MDD), radio equipment directive (RED) and the RoHS directive. It provides insights into product design and test methodologies especially EMC and product SAFETY so that the product meets the technical requirements of the applicable standards. It also seeks to clarify the many doubts and misconceptions about CE marking.The book begins with a chapter that introduces the reader to the nuances of the CE marking process, the conformity assessment modules and to compile supporting documents that illustrate the process. This is followed by the chapter on product safety which describes the principles of safety as found in the international IEC and European harmonized safety standards. It provides ways and means to improve product design so as to ensure reasonable compliance when a product is subject to safety evaluation by a test laboratory. Then, there are two chapters dedicated to EMC. One explains the EMC fundamentals, standards and the test methodology while the other deals with EMC design. The design chapter contains ways and means to incorporate EMC measures like line filters, shielding, grounding and cable routing at the design stage so that the product can comply with the EMC tests with a minimum of iterations. The design means discussed are very practical in nature and are given in such a way that the design engineer can immediately incorporate them without worrying too much about theory. All the directives now-a-days require a detailed risk assessment to be carried out in addition to testing as per standards. Thereafter the risk assessment needs to be documented so as to demonstrate how the risks have been reduced/eliminated. The book deals with the risk assessment in detail for all the directives under consideration. And last but not the least, the CE marking procedure is not complete unless the entire process is documented through the so-called technical file or technical documentation. The last chapter explains the compilation of technical documentation as required by the directives and the European surveillance authorities.